1. Question: In Python, if you create a new list b as a clone of list a using slicing (b = a[:]), which of the following statements is true?
   1. a and b are the same list, and any modification to a will also reflect in b.
   2. a and b are different lists, but they share the same memory address.
   3. a and b are different lists, and modifications to b do not affect a.
   4. a and b are different lists, but modifications to a will still affect b.

Answer: C

2. Question: The Hessian matrix of a function f(x, y) is a matrix of:
   1. First partial derivatives of f with respect to x and y
   2. Second partial derivatives of f with respect to x and y
   3. Mixed partial derivatives of f with respect to x and y only
   4. Derivatives of f with respect to time

Answer: B

3. Question: Which line correctly writes a list athlete = [“John”, 28, “Basketball”] as a CSV row?
   1. write(“,”.join(athlete) + “\n”)
   2. write(“,”.join([str(item) for item in athlete]) + “\n”)
   3. write(“Name, Age, Sport\n” + athlete + “\n”)
   4. writelines(“,”.join(athlete))

Answer: B

4. Question: If class Dog inherits from class Animal, which of the following statements is true?
   1. Dog can access all methods and attributes of Animal.
   2. Animal can access all methods and attributes of Dog.
   3. Instances of Animal can call methods defined only in Dog.
   4. Dog and Animal have no relationship unless explicitly specified in each method.

Answer: A

5. Question: If the correlation coefficient between two variables X and Y is -0.85, which of the following is true?
   1. X and Y have a strong positive relationship.
   2. X and Y have a weak negative relationship.
   3. X and Y have a strong negative relationship.
   4. There is no relationship between X and Y.

Answer: C

6. Question: Given two lists, names = [“Alice”, “Bob”, “Charlie”] and ages = [25, 30], what will list(zip(names, ages)) return?
   1. [(“Alice”, 25), (“Bob”, 30), (“Charlie”, None)]
   2. [(“Alice”, 25), (“Bob”, 30), (“Charlie”, 0)]
   3. [(“Alice”, 25), (“Bob”, 30)]
   4. [(“Alice”, 25), (“Bob”, 30), (“Charlie”, “Unknown”)]

Answer: C, Explanation: zip stops at the shortest list, so “Charlie” is ignored.

7. Question: Which feature scaling method is equivalent to calculating the z-score (standardizing to have mean 0 and standard deviation 1)?
   1. Min-max scaling
   2. Robust scaling
   3. Standard scaling
   4. None of the above

Answer: C

8. Question: Why is the characteristic equation of a matrix important in linear algebra?
   1. It determines if a matrix is invertible.
   2. It is used to calculate the eigenvalues of the matrix.
   3. It finds the trace of the matrix.
   4. It checks if the matrix is symmetric.

Answer: B

9. Question: You have a DataFrame df with columns [‘Category’, ‘Sales’]. Which command will give the average Sales for each unique Category?
   1. groupby(‘Category’).mean()
   2. groupby(‘Category’)[‘Sales’].mean()
   3. groupby(‘Category’)[‘Sales’].average()
   4. groupby(‘Category’).count()

Answer: B